Abstract
Substance abuse among adolescents remains a pressing challenge in Nigeria, with significant implications for health, education and social development. This study integrated findings from a survey conducted in Biogbolo Community in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, to examine the prevalence, determinants, gender perspectives and preventive strategies of substance abuse among secondary school students. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, involving 338 students randomly selected from four secondary schools, representing 15.5% of the total population of 2,181. A structured and validated 28-item questionnaire was used, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.72 to 0.87. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and the results showed widespread abuse of both local and synthetic substances, including kaikai (local gin), tramadol, cannabis, cough syrups and tobacco. Peer influence and community availability of substances emerged as the strongest determinants, while family background issues and weak parental monitoring also contributed. Although no significant gender differences were found in determinants of substance abuse, female students significantly favored preventive strategies such as school-based interventions and parental monitoring. Preventive strategies perceived as most effective included awareness campaigns, counseling, peer education and community sensitization. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive, multi-level interventions that integrate schools, families and communities.
Keywords: Substance Abuse, Adolescents, Determinants, Prevention, Gender Perspectives